Saturday, January 23, 2021

On the Limits of Religious Literalism

 

 

While proofing an as yet unpublished revised version of my book Liberating Christianity I read the paragraphs I’ve put into this post below. I think they are some of the best writing anyone has ever done on the inadequacy of religious literalism. I hope that you find them enlightening and inspiring.

 

From an unpublished revised edition of Thomas C. Sorenson, Liberating Christianity: Overcoming Obstacles to Faith in the New Millennium. © Thomas C. Sorenson 2021

 

One way to understand the inadequacy of religious literalism is to see that it makes God too small. To take the doctrines of Christianity (or of any other faith for that matter) literally is to believe that the finite—the doctrines of a faith—has captured the infinite—God. It is to believe that the finite has fully understood and defined the infinite. When literalistic faith says “God is” this, that, or some other thing it asserts that its words truly understand and express factual truth about the infinite. To say that God “is” something or other, when “is” is understood literally, is to reduce the infinite about which faith speaks to the finite, to the words the faith uses when speaking about the infinite. It is to reduce the divine—God—to the secular, to our finite human words.

We saw earlier in this study when we considered the nature of symbol and myth as the language of faith that neither any symbol nor any myth can fully encompass the spiritual. All they can do is point beyond themselves toward the transcendent reality with which their function is to connect us. To take symbol and myth literally is to ignore both their inherent nature and their legitimate function. It is to turn them into something they are not and cannot be. It is to fail to understand the no that necessarily accompanies every symbolic or mythic yes. To use symbol and myth without understanding what they truly are and are not is to confine the spiritual, the divine, within the symbol or myth. It is to claim to have confined the infinite in the finite, something that is ontologically impossible. It is to have committed an error that goes to the inherent nature of faith. It reduces faith to knowledge. It reduces mystery to certainty. It reduces the mythic to the factual.

Religious literalism leaves us with the outer form of faith without its heart. It gives us the external while killing the internal. Literalism gives us a shallow faith with no spiritual essence. While as we noted above literalistic Biblicism can function to connect people with the spiritual (or at least something that is partially the spiritual) for a time, it will however inevitably, unavoidably fail in that sacred work. It will fail because it fails to understand the nature both of its own finite form and the sacred, infinite nature of the spiritual.

The most profound, the truest varieties of religious experience do not make that error. They live not with dead form but with living mystery. They live not with smug certainty but in awe before the grandeur and enormity of God, knowing all the while that that grandeur and enormity eternally transcend all human knowing. They know that we can and are called to live with wonder and humility before and with that which we can never fully understand but toward which we are inexorably drawn and with which our souls long to connect. Mere facts do not draw us. Longing to connect with dead facts is not part of being human. Transcendent mystery draws us. Longing to connect with spiritual reality that is so much more than fact inheres in our very nature as created beings. It is not possible for us finite creatures ultimately to know the fullness of God. It is possible for us to allow symbol and myth to draw us into the wonder, majesty, and mystery of God. To live in wonder and awe before the ultimately unknowable God is to become more fully who God created us to be, mortal creatures whose fullness lies in connection with the immortal. We are finite beings created to live intimately with ultimate being. Mere fact will never make us who we really are. Understanding God as so much more than that can. The mythic and symbolic understanding of the faith therefore has not only the potential to save the faith for non-Christians. It has the potential to save the faith even for a great many Christians. It can allow those Christians to give up untenable literalist positions without giving up their faith.

Wednesday, January 20, 2021

The End of a Time of Darkness

 

The End of a Time of Darkness

January 20, 2021

 

Whew! We made it! Donald J. Trump is no longer President of the United States. We are coming to the end of one of the darkest presidencies in American history. There actually is one good thing we can say about Trump’s presidency, namely that he never started a new war. He came close with North Korea and Iran, but those tensions never became wars. That he did not start a new war is no small thing, and we should be thankful for it. Still, Donald Trump will certainly go down in history as one of the worst American presidents ever. The list of his failings and his outrages is too long for me to list in anything close to completeness. I will however try here to list some of his worst offenses. I list them in no particular order of importance except that I save what I think is the worst of them until last.

 

·         He was utterly incapable of telling the truth. The number of his lies runs to more than 20,000 according to people who tried to keep track of them during his time in office. He simply did not operate within the categories of true and false. He led us into a post-fact era. His rabid followers care nothing for what the actual facts of a thing are. They make up their own facts to fit with their conspiracy theories and other inanities, and Trump reinforced their abandonment of the truth by repeating not only his own lies but many of theirs.

·         He was perhaps the laziest president we have ever had. He wouldn’t read the daily intelligence reports the president always receives. Apparently he never reads much of anything. He spent more time watching Fox News and playing golf than he did attending to the duties of his office.

·         He effectively dismantled much of the machinery of the American government. He put people in charge of Cabinet departments and other governmental agencies who wanted nothing so much as to dismantle the organizations for which they had nominal responsibility. He often did this by putting political hacks in as “acting” heads of an agency, leaving them there, and thus avoiding the constitutional necessity of having them confirmed by the Senate. A prime example of a destructor not a contributor is Betsy DeVos, the recently resigned Secretary of Education, a woman who would dismantle public education entirely if she could. At the end of his term he put several political hacks with no qualifications for the positions into offices of responsibility at the Pentagon for reasons that remain unclear. A person’s qualifications for an office never mattered to Trump.

·         He has done everything he could to repeal as many environmental regulations as possible. He pulled us out of the Paris climate accords. He approved any number of environmentally destructive pipeline, drilling, and other construction projects. He was always perfectly willing to deny climate science (or at least claim to do so) so that wealthy people could make more money at the expense of the environment. It remains to be seen how long it will take the country and the world to recover from the environmental devastation he has wrought.

·         When he didn’t like it he called accurate news reporting “fake news.” He called responsible media “enemies of the people.” “Enemy of the people” was Stalin’s term for the people he murdered in enormous numbers. It is a phrase used by a brutal totalitarian responsible for the deaths of millions of innocent Soviet people. It is unclear whether Trump knew the term’s history when he used it, but it makes the blood of those of us who do know its history run cold. Trump’s attacks on freedom of the press were one of his most destructive practices.

·         He called white supremacists “fine people.” He sent them dog whistles all the time that told them that he was on their side. One good example is the time when a group of white terrorists calling themselves The Proud Boys were inciting violence against racial justice protestors. He didn’t call them off. He told them to “stand down and stand by.” He told them, in effect, to be ready, for he could call on their violence at a later date.

·         He hated Islam and Muslim people. He instituted immigration policies designed to keep as many of them our of the country as possible, apparently thinking them all terrorists or at least willing to pander to that belief among so many ignorant Americans.

·         He instigated a policy of child separation at the southern border that was pure fascism. He had American immigration personnel tear children away from their parents if they had crossed the Mexican border illegally. He kept them in what amounted to cages. His bureaucrats kept such bad records that it may never be possible to reunite all of those children with their families. For this policy alone he should be put on trial in the international court in The Hague for crimes against humanity.

·         He cozied up to dictators all over the world. His love affair with Vladimir Putin of Russia is well known but utterly incomprehensible. He took Putin’s word over the reports of the US intelligence agencies that Russia had not interfered on his behalf in the 2016 presidential election, which Russia clearly did. He practically made love to Kim Jong-un of North Korea, a murderous dictator and leader of what is probably the most repressive government on earth. Clearly he wanted to be that kind of dictator himself.

·         He obstructed justice. The Mueller report on Russian interference in the 2016 election details act after act for which Trump could have been indicted for obstruction of justice had the Department of Justice not had an incomprehensible opinion letter from the 1970s saying that the DOJ could not indict a sitting president. I suppose it is unlikely, but it sure would be sweet if he got indicted for obstruction of justice now that he is out of office.

·         He tried to get the government of Ukraine to dummy up an investigation of Joe Biden’s son that he thought would discredit Biden, the apparent Democratic presidential candidate at the time against whom he would run in 2020. This was the first thing he did that got him impeached. The Senate should have convicted him and removed him from office, but of course it didn’t because the Republicans held the majority of seats and for the most part were still Trump’s acolytes rather than responsible legislators. Senator Mitt Romney of Utah was the only Republican senator to cast a vote to convict Trump on one of the articles of impeachment.

·         He mismanaged the federal government’s response to the coronavirus pandemic about as badly as it is possible for anyone to have mismanaged it. He knew very early on he knew how disastrous the pandemic would be, but he consistently downplayed and minimized it. He called it a hoax. He said it would just disappear. He told people to drink household cleaners or take some unapproved anti-malarial drug to treat it. Apparently he thought it would affect only states led by Democrats. He never ordered anyone to wear a mask, and mostly he never wore one himself. He held mass rallies that became superspreader events. When private industry worked miracles to produce vaccines against the virus in record time he claimed credit for their accomplishment that he in no way deserved. He muzzled the CDC and forced them to change the advice they gave the public about how to mitigate the pandemic. He demanded that states “reopen” when it was obvious that doing so would inevitably result in a greater spread of the virus. We can’t really say how many of the over 400,000 deaths from COVID-19 we’ve suffered so far he could have prevented had he acted responsibly rather than the way he did, but the number surely must run to the tens of thousands at least.

·         The worst of it came at the end of Trump’s term of office. He lost the 2020 presidential election to Joe Biden. He lost both the popular vote (which sadly doesn’t count) and the electoral college vote (which sadly does count). Yes, something over 70 million people voted for Trump, hard as that is to comprehend. Still, he lost the popular vote by a significant amount. More people voted for Joe Biden than had ever voted for any presidential candidate. The election officials of every state and the District of Columbia certified the results of their votes. Trump’s team of incompetent lawyers, often led by the utter despicable Rudy Giuliani, filed frivolous lawsuit after frivolous lawsuit challenging the election results in states that voted for Biden that Trump thought he should have won. They all failed spectacularly at every level from the trial court to the US Supreme Court. Still, Trump refused to concede the election. Worse than that, he made up the big lie that he had actually won the election in a landslide and that somehow Democrats had stolen his victory from him. It wasn’t true. There wasn’t a shred of evidence to support it, but Trump fed it to a mob of his rabid supporters over and over again. Finally, on January 6, 2021, as both houses of Congress met to certify the vote of the electoral college, Trump incited a mob of fascist, mostly white supremacist, rioters to attack the Capitol building, the seat of the legislative branch of the US government and, as everyone says, a shrine to American democracy. Trump’s whipped up supporters broke into the Capitol building, killed one Capitol police officer, occupied every important space in the building from the Senate chamber to the office of Speaker Pelosi. They chanted “Hang Pence,” because Vice President Pence had told Trump he had no legal authority to overturn the outcome of the election. Trump refused to call them off. Eventually he did tell them to go home, but in that same statement he repeated the big lie that the election had been stolen from him. This was the act that led the House to impeach him a second time, making him the only president in US history to have been impeached twice, a distinction he so richly deserves.

·         Trump was, in short, an American fascist. He does not believe in democracy. He used race-baiting politics. He practiced the big lie. He wanted to be a dictator not a democratic leader of a democratic country. No, he didn’t set up an American Auschwitz. He didn’t invade anyone. He was nonetheless a fascist for the American context. May we never have anyone like him ever again.

 

The list of Trump’s transgressions could go on and on, but I think the point is made. The only question about Trump is whether he was the worst president in US history or only one of the worst. I think perhaps Andrew Jackson was worse, for Jackson happily engaged in genocide against American Indians, something Trump didn’t do (perhaps only because the genocidal actions of Jackson and so many other Americans had already rendered the American Indians politically powerless a long time before Trump came along). Rutherford B. Hayes sold out the newly freed Americans in the south by promising in 1877 to remove federal troops from the states of the former Confederacy in exchange for the Democrats allowing him to become president in a disputed electoral college vote. He thereby surrendered those Americans to the racism, discrimination, and violence of what became the Jim Crow south. Woodrow Wilson, otherwise and idealist in so many respects, was a staunch racist who resegregated the federal civil service. Lyndon Johnson destroyed what could have been a constructive presidency (he signed both the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965) through his barbaric militarism in Vietnam. Richard Nixon broke the law in so many ways they’re hard to keep track of. He resigned the presidency because leading Republican senators (including the arch conservative Barry Goldwater) told him they would vote to convict him if the House sent articles of impeachment against him to the Senate, which they were about to do. Ronald Reagan made greed respectable and ballooned the federal deficit in order to give giant tax cuts to rich Americans who definitely did not need them and which did ordinary Americans no good at all. George W. Bush started an unprovoked and illegal war of aggression against Iraq. We’ve had lots of really bad presidents who did really bad things.

Then we come to Donald Trump. It would be hard for anyone to match his list of political transgressions. Beyond that, he was probably the most psychologically insecure, egomaniacal, and sociopathic person ever to hold the presidency. He cares not at all for anyone other than himself. I won’t call him the worst American president ever only because he did not start any new war. He is nonetheless very near the top of the list of disastrous American presidents. His attack on American democracy at the end of his presidency was particularly dangers and will probably be what leads later historians to condemn him more than will any of his other disastrous actions and personal failings.

And we’re done with him, for now at least. Former senator and vice president Joe Biden has been sworn in as the 46th President of the United States. In his first hours in office Biden will do as much as he can by executive order to begin undoing the damage Trump did in so many areas of American life. He and Vice President Kamala Harris, the first woman ever elected to national office in this country and the first woman of color to be vice president, promise to restore both honesty and dignity to the White House and to our American nation. They have an ambitious legislative agenda, all of it good as nearly as I can tell. They will restore integrity to the agencies of the federal government. Biden will nominate cabinet secretaries and others for positions in the government from which they can turn governmental policy around from Trump’s evil toward the good. President Biden will repair the breaches with our allies that Donald Trump caused and do what he can to restore America’s standing in the world. I expect that President Biden will do as much good for us as the US Senate, split 50/50 between Democrats and Republicans, will let him do.

Yet whatever he is able to do or not able to do one overriding truth remains. Joe Biden is not Donald Trump. Trump was a despicable failure of a human being. Joe Biden is a decent man, a kind man, a man of honesty and integrity. He has lived through more than one occasion of great personal tragedy and come out of them caring for all who suffer. As a child and youth he had a bad stutter, so he has true empathy for people with disabilities. He says he’ll be straight with us, and I think he will as much as any president can be given the necessity of maintaining many things in confidence. Perhaps even Americans who disagree with some of his policies will come to respect him enough as a man that they can disagree with him without going to the mattresses the way so many Republicans have in recent decades. That at least is my hope and prayer as my country moves into a new era, a new time. We have come to the end of a time of darkness. May light now shine once again in our land.

Sunday, January 17, 2021

To Speak Truth to Power

 

To Speak Truth to Power

January 17, 2021

 

Poor old Jonah. God told him to go to Nineveh, that great city, and cry out against it because of its wickedness. The Blues Brothers may have believed that they were on a mission from God. Jonah wanted nothing to do with this particular mission from God. So instead of going to Nineveh, that great city, he took off for Tarshish. We’re not entirely sure where Tarshish was, but it may have been in Spain far to the west of Israel. It’s not hard to understand why Jonah wanted nothing to do with Nineveh. Nineveh, that great city, was the capital city of the Assyrian Empire. At one time, perhaps during Jonah’s time, Assyria had been the major imperial power in the Middle East. It arose in Mesopotamia, in today’s Iraq, hundreds of miles to the east of Israel. Assyria expanded rapidly through military aggression. In 722 BCE it conquered and destroyed the northern Hebrew kingdom of Israel. It drove that kingdom’s Hebrew residents from their homes resulting in the ten northern tribes of Israel being lost. Hence the famous lost tribes of Israel. It made a vassal state of the southern Hebrew kingdom of Judah. Assyria was nasty business, and Nineveh, that great city, was its capital. No wonder Jonah headed for Tarshish instead, perhaps heading west when God told him to go east.

We all know what happened next. Jonah got thrown overboard from the ship he was on to save that ship from a great storm that he and the crew of the ship believed the Lord God had stirred up precisely because Jonah was going the wrong way. Jonah got swallowed up by a large fish, popularly called a whale. (The ancient Israelite who wrote this story may not have known that a whale isn’t a fish. Whatever.) The great fish/whale vomited Jonah up on a beach, presumably in a pool of whale vomit. Yuck! Well, at least Jonah survived.

Then God came to Jonah a second time and told him to go to Nineveh, that great city, and proclaim there a message God would give him. I suppose if we’d ended up on a beach in a pool of whale vomit because we’d tried to run away from doing something God had told us to do we’d have second thoughts about defying God again. Poor old Jonah certainly did. This time he headed for Nineveh, that great city. When he got there he proclaimed that in forty days Nineveh would be overthrown. Much to his amazement and irritation everyone there, from the king on down, believed him and repented in sackcloth and ashes. So God didn’t destroy Nineveh after all. Which ticked Jonah off no end, but the story ends with God telling Jonah in effect, well, they’re my people too, so deal with it.

Jonah is a great story. I think of it as biblical comic relief. A good standup comedian could have great fun retelling it. God tells Jonah to go to Nineveh, that great city. Jonah says yeah. Right. Sure. Then he heads off in the opposite direction. He gets thrown off a ship, swallowed by a whale, and vomited onto a beach. So when God tells him again to go to Nineveh, that great city, he says sheesh. All right already. I’ll go. I don’t want to, but I’ll go. Then when everyone there repents at his word he sulks, presumably because like every good Israelite he would have loved to see Nineveh, that great city, the capital of the hated Assyrian Empire, destroyed. They rejoiced when the Babylonians finally did destroy it in the late seventh century BCE. To hear them rejoicing over the destruction of Nineveh read the Old Testament book of Nahum. It’s nothing but an ancient Israelite author reveling in the bloody destruction of Nineveh.

The story of Jonah really is quite funny. It’s funny, but it contains a powerful message for us Americans in these troubled and difficult days. What is it that God tells Jonah to do? God tells Jonah to go speak God’s truth to power, to the people of what probably in Jonah’s time was the greatest military power in that part of the world. Jonah couldn’t assume that doing that was safe. God had told him of Nineveh’s wickedness, not that he probably needed to be reminded of it. Every Hebrew, Jonah included, knew Assyria as the despised enemy. Empires never like hearing God’s truth proclaimed to them. We know that better perhaps even than Jonah did. Rome didn’t like it when Jesus proclaimed God’s truth to them, so they crucified him. Speaking God’s truth to power has gotten a great many faithful people of many different faith traditions imprisoned or killed over the centuries. Even poor old Jonah knew enough to know that speaking God’s truth to Nineveh, that great city, was risky business. He went to do it only after he figured out that God wasn’t about to let him get out of it.

I suppose the story of Jonah wouldn’t matter much to us if Jonah had been the only person God ever called to speak truth to power, but that is hardly the case. God calls all of us to speak truth to power. We are the only voices God has for speaking truth to power. If we don’t speak God’s truth to power, who will? It’s so easy to do what Jonah tried to do, to run away from the call. To say nope, I’m outta here. That’s what most of us do most of the time, myself included. It’s not what God wants from us. God calls each and every one of us to speak truth to power.

What is the truth that God calls us to speak to power? It is the truth of the kingdom of God against the lies of the kingdoms of the world whatever their political structure. It is that violence, including military violence, is always sinful and against God’s will. It is that God demands distributive justice for all people so that all have what they need to live. It is that those who have the means to do it have a moral obligation to care for those who don’t. It is that God has a preferential option for the poor and that we should have one too. It is that God didn’t create us to be consumers of material goods, God created us to be messengers and bringers of God’s love to the world. It is that we are stewards of the earth not its owners and that we have a moral obligation to care for and preserve it. It is that God loves each and every person. No exceptions. Not one. It is that therefore racism, sexism, homophobia, anti-Semitism, Islamophobia, xenophobia, and any other way of thinking that makes some people less than other people is always a sin and is against God’s will. It is that God is a God of love and grace, not a God of violence and violent punishment. It is that God dreams of a world transformed from the ways of the world to the ways of God, that God wants us to have that dream too, and God calls each one of us to do what we can to make that dream a reality.

It’s no wonder that worldly power never wants to hear that message and usually does whatever it can to silence those who proclaim it. It condemns all violence, and earthly powers are always violent. It condemns economic exploitation, and worldly powers are always economically exploitative. It calls, as Mary sings, for the proud to be scattered in the thoughts of their hearts, and earthly powers are always ruled by the proud. It calls for the powerful to be brought down from their thrones of whatever sort they sit on be it on an actual throne or in an oval office, and the powerful want nothing more than to retain their power. It calls for the lowly to be lifted up, filled with good things, and the rich to be sent away empty, and those of wealth and high social status want nothing more than to hold on to their high status and their full bellies. That’s the message God calls all of us to speak to power. It is the message power desperately doesn’t want anyone to hear.

Jonah had to walk to Nineveh, that great city. We Americans are already there. We live in the center of the world’s political, economic, and military power. Our leaders are the leaders of today’s Assyria. They are the ones to whom God calls us to speak God’s truth. They won’t like it any more than Pontius Pilate liked it when Jesus spoke it so long ago. They will try to silence us, not perhaps with imprisonment or death but by convincing us that the military is noble despite the fact that it exists to kill people and destroy property, that nonviolence doesn’t work, that greed is good, that what is good for the wealthy is good for everyone, that we don’t have the resources to do things like create a system of universal health care paid for with tax dollars, and that our dream of a transformed world is just that, a dream that never can be realized and wouldn’t work if it were. Thus it has always been (at least when the rulers weren’t actually killing people who spoke God’s truth). Thus perhaps it will always be. No matter. God’s call is God’s call. God’s truth is God’s truth. We must never let the powers to whom we speak silence us. Jonah went to Nineveh, that great city. We’re already there. Let’s make the most of it.

Saturday, January 16, 2021

The Need for Confession

The Need for Confession

January 16, 2021

 

The Scripture quotations contained herein are from the New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright © 1989 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

 

A daily lectionary I use recently included Psalm 51 in its readings for a particular day. Psalm 51 is the great prayer of confession in the psalter. It begins:

 

Have mercy on me, O God,

       according to your steadfast

              love;

according to your abundant

              mercy

       blot out my transgressions.

Wash me thoroughly from my

              iniquity,

       and cleanse me from my sin.

 

For I know my transgressions,

       and my sin is ever before me.

Against you, you alone, have I

              sinned,

       and done what is evil in your

              sight,

       so that you are justified in your

              sentence

       and blameless when you pass

              judgment. Psalm 51:1-4.

 

Clearly at least some in ancient Israel knew what St. Paul knew centuries later, that all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God. Romans 3:23. Ancient Israel also knew the God is and always has been a God of forgiveness. A great many Christians have long claimed that God’s forgiveness of human sin came only with Jesus’ suffering and death on the cross. Yet ancient Israel knew that God forgives human sin centuries before Jesus. Kind of makes you wonder why so many Christians have insisted that Jesus had to suffer and die before God would forgive sin, but that’s not what I want to talk about here. I want rather to talk about a different question that Psalm 51 raises for me, the question of whether we need confession and God’s forgiveness at all.

I belong to a very liberal, progressive Christian denomination, the United Church of Christ. Although I have criticized my denomination on occasion, and indeed although I will do so here, the UCC is where I feel at home. It is where my own liberal, progressive Christian theology is most welcome. There is however one thing about many of my liberal, progressive colleagues and fellow UCC members with which I profoundly disagree. I discovered it when I was in seminary. In my second year of seminary I served as an intern at a UCC church that is if anything even more liberal and progressive than are most UCC churches. It had been the first (or at least one of the first) Open and Affirming congregations in our area. A pastor who served there for many years before my time there had, I was told, spent more time out in the community agitating for peace and justice than he had spent with the people of the church. After I had been at that church a short time I asked the woman serving as pastor while I was there why she did not have a prayer of confession in her regular order of worship. She told me that the people of the church wouldn’t let her do one because they didn’t think they had anything to confess and didn’t want to beat up on themselves.[1] I was a bit dumbfounded, but as a mere seminary intern it wasn’t my place to try to change the church’s order of worship, so I lived with not having a prayer of confession in the service until my time at that church was over.

In the years since those days I’ve come to see the way that that church wouldn’t let their pastor include a prayer of confession in their worship service as emblematic of the way liberal Christians dislike prayers of confession and believe that we have nothing we need to confess. I always included a prayer of confession in my worship services, but I mostly used a “Call to Confession” as a way to explain to the congregation why we need to confess. I often used 1 John 1:8 as part of that Call to Worship: “If we say that we have no sin we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us.” I find that statement to be as profoundly true as St. Paul’s statement from Romans that I quoted above that all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God. The belief that we have not sinned truly is self-deception. We are all human. That means that we are all finite, limited creatures not perfect gods. As centered selves we all live with the temptation of becoming self-centered rather than God- and other-centered. Some of us avoid that temptation better than others, but none of us avoids it perfectly. We all act too much in our own interest rather than in the interests of God’s people and God’s world. In other words, we all sin.

Personal sin is real and calls for confession to God as part of the process of living into the forgiveness that God extends to us even before we ask for it. Yet there is another kind of sin of which we Americans are all guilty. It is the collective sin in which we all live that causes me to want to go to confession every time I pay taxes to the US government. We all live in and legally must pay to support governmental institutions and actions that are profoundly sinful. We pay to maintain an obscenely large instrument of death and destruction, the United States military. In recent years we have paid to have children torn away from their parents, some of them never to be reunited with their families. We have paid to have nearly every environmental regulation and policy that used to be in place repealed. We pay the government to murder defenseless prisoners under the guise of legally ordained punishment as the Trump administration has done several times in its final days. Those of us who are not rich pay to make up, at least in part, for massive tax cuts for the wealthy that benefit only the wealthy and that cause enormous budget deficits that keep the government from doing much of what needs to be done. We pay to support a judicial system in which American institutional racism is sinfully on full display. We pay to support a government that responds grossly inadequately to crises in our nation like the crises of climate change, the coronavirus pandemic, drug addiction, mental illness, and homelessness. These systems and actions (or failures to act) are all profoundly sinful, and we are all part of them.

So do we have nothing to confess? Not just no but hell no! We all live in and with an enormous amount of sin. This is after all the world not heaven. We are all called to help build the kingdom of God on earth, but the realization of that divine dream remains a distant hope at best. Confession won’t solve our problems, but it can be part of the process of solving them by making us more aware of them and of our part in them. So let’s open ourselves to the truth that is so much not in us. Let us confess and open ourselves to God’s forgiveness, not to beat up on ourselves but as a step in the process of moving from being parts of sinful systems to being parts of the transformation of those systems. May it be so.



[1] The UCC has a very strong congregational polity. It is not unusual for the people of a church to try to dictate things to their pastor that really are the pastor’s business, things like what’s in the church’s worship services. As pastors of such a church we have to choose our fights. I chose not to fight my church’s insistence that there be an American flag in the sanctuary, something that is wildly improper liturgically because the American flag is not a Christian symbol. Trish, the pastor at my internship church when I was there, chose not to fight the congregation over putting a prayer of confession in the worship service. She got around it by putting in a “Prayer for Healing and Wholeness,” which served essentially the same purpose.

Thursday, January 14, 2021

On the Need to Pay Attention

 

On the Need to Pay Attention

January 14, 2021

 

Hebrews 2:1 reads, “Therefore we must pay greater attention to what we have heard, so that we do not drift away from it.” NRSV. The context for this verse in Hebrews is rather odd. It is the assertion that Jesus is more than an angel. OK I guess, although I certainly have never thought of him as merely an angel or the equivalent of an angel. When I read that verse recently however a very different context for it came to my mind. Between early 2002 and the end of 2017 I was a practicing parish pastor. Many times during those years I described myself as a “professional Christian.” I had some Sundays off to be sure, but mostly I preached every Sunday. Mostly I led a full worship service every Sunday and occasionally at other times as well. Mostly I led a Bible study or other adult education group every Sunday. I lived immersed in the Christian faith. I lived immersed in the Bible. I had answered what I considered (and consider) to have been a call from God to become a minister of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. In many ways the Christian faith was the center of my life. I paid an enormous amount of attention to it. I had to. Like I said, a was a professional Christian.

At the end of 2017, at age 71, I retired from active Christian ministry. I’ve been retired ever since. I’ve preached a few times in my retirement, but not often. Until the COVID-19 pandemic I taught a Bible study class at a local retirement residence, but I haven’t done that for nearly a year. Since the pandemic forced me into isolation starting in early March, 2020, I’ve written many essays for this blog discussing many different Christian issues, but writing something and clicking the “Publish” button on a blog site is hardly the same thing as teaching people in person. Writing is pretty much exclusively head work. In person work involves much more of a person. It can satisfy in ways head work alone does not. I just haven’t been as immersed in Christianity since I retired as I was when I worked as a parish pastor.

I have been aware for some time that I do not experience the Christian faith as deeply and as powerfully as I used to. That’s mostly because I’m retired, although the isolation caused by the pandemic has played no small role in my isolation as well. That isolation has cut off most of my in person contacts with other Christians. Yes, I’m married to a Christian pastor who is still working. We talk about faith some but really not all that much except to deplore the way popular American evangelical Christianity distorts and debases the faith. Not only do I no longer create and lead worship, I don’t even attend it. I watch the recorded worship service of the church I belong to every Sunday. It’s technically very slick, and my lead pastor is a very fine preacher even on video. But I no longer sing in the church choir because there is no live church choir. I don’t teach anyone anything. I don’t meet new people. I don’t get to know people I know a little better. No, my faith life is nothing like what it used to be.

I truly don’t intend this post to be nothing but a long complaint about how much I’ve lost since I retired and the pandemic shut so much down. I intend it more as a meditation on Hebrews 2:1, “Therefore we must pay greater attention to what we have heard, so that we do not drift away from it.” I believe that my experience in retirement and pandemic isolation illustrates just how true that statement is. Christian faith prospers much better in community than it does in isolation. It’s been said that the main things a community of faith does is gather the folks and tell the stories. Even if we go to church more for social reasons than for reasons of faith we still hear the stories when we’re there. We participate in the rituals of prayer and sacrament. At least to some extent we pay attention to what we have heard. Unless we’re new to the faith we’ve heard the stories before. We’ve heard them read and maybe even read them ourselves. We’ve heard sermons on them and maybe even given such sermons ourselves.

Yet it never hurts to hear them read again. It never hurts to hear them preached on again unless they’re preached on badly, as sadly they are so often. Exposure to the faith strengthens faith. Sharing the faith with people of faith in a community of faith strengthens faith. Experiencing the cycle of the Christian year from Advent through Christmas and Epiphany to Lent, Holy Week, Easter, Pentecost, and beyond again and again over the years strengthens faith. Yes, it is possible to keep and live into one’s Christian faith in isolation. People have done it in the past, the so-called desert fathers and mothers from much earlier centuries in the Christian tradition being prime examples. I suppose some people do it today. May God bless them in their efforts to do it. Yet doing it that way is much harder for most of us than is doing it in Christian community.

Hebrews 2:1 is correct. Our faith flourishes when we pay attention to it. It can atrophy when we don’t. So if you want your faith to be strong, find a good Christian community. Even in these times of isolation and remote worship at least some degree of Christian community is still possible. It’s not as good as in person community, but it’s a lot better than nothing. And of course even in private we can pay greater attention to what we’ve heard. You’ve almost certainly got a Bible. Read it, but read it for its overall message of God’s love and care for the least and the lost not the passages that give a contrary message of judgment and hatred. Find a kind of prayer that works for you and practice it regularly. Pay attention to what you’ve heard. It will strengthen your faith, and you’ll find it more than worth the effort.

Friday, January 8, 2021

Now Is Not the Time for Silence

 

Now Is Not the Time for Silence

January 8, 2021

 

Our country is facing an existential crisis, a crisis that goes to our very existence as a democratic nation. On January 6, 2021, President of the United States Donald J. Trump incited a mob to storm and occupy the Capitol building in Washington, DC, in an effort to stop Congress from performing its legal obligation to certify the results of the electoral college vote, part of the process for assuring that the person who received the most electoral votes is inaugurated as president on January 20. The president committed an act of sedition aimed against the Constitution of the United States that he took an oath to protect and defend. For as long as he is in office, presumably only twelve more days, he will be a threat to the rule of law and the American system of constitutional government. He is delusional. He seems actually to believe that somehow he won reelection in a landslide and that somehow someone has stolen his victory from him. Never mind that for that to be true every state election official in the country and every court where he has sued to overturn the results of the election has said no, there is no evidence of voter fraud. The certified election results are valid. Nonetheless he insists that his victory was stolen from him, and he has an army of rabid supporters who believe that lie and are perfectly willing to use violence to keep him in office. He will remain a threat to our country even after he is out of office, but at least he won’t have his hands on the levers of governmental power and the nuclear codes. President Donald Trump is a bigger threat to the survival of the government he heads than any American president has ever been. I won’t call him the Anti-Christ because I don’t believe in the Anti-Christ. He is nonetheless demonic. He is evil, and he is an enormous threat to our nation.

The threat that Donald Trump poses to the United States and to the world raises a crucial question for those of us who have accepted a call to the ministry of Jesus Christ. How are we to respond to the crisis in which our nation finds itself? It is or should be obvious that no true Christian can support Donald Trump. The question we face is rather whether we speak prophetic truth against him or remain silent because we know that there are those who will turn on us if we speak God’s truth to our nation, wracked as it is with division and violence. This issue is particularly stark for ordained people serving in ministerial capacities in a local church or denominational structure, for even in a progressive denomination like my United Church of Christ there are still people who support Trump, hard as that is to believe. History tells us that pastors can get fired for speaking prophetic truth against violence and injustice. It happened when pastors protested the Vietnam war. It happened when they joined the civil rights movement. It happened when they spoke up for the equal rights and dignity of LGBTQ+ people. It could happen again if they proclaim God’s truth against our demonic president.

So the question remains: To what is God calling us in this difficult hour? As always God is calling us to follow Jesus, but what more specifically does that mean today? We live in a time of crisis, but so did Jesus. He lived among people horribly oppressed by the Roman Empire. The Jewish people of Jesus’ time responded to Roman oppression in various ways. Most just tried to go on with their lives as best they could. A few collaborated with the Romans. The officials of the Jerusalem temple are prime examples of that response. Some resorted to violence. There had been armed uprisings against Rome before Jesus was born. There would be others after his death, always with disastrous consequences for the Jewish people. Jesus adopted none of these strategies. He didn’t accept Roman oppression, but he didn’t use violence to resist it. Instead he advocated creative, nonviolent acts of resistance. He wanted to change the world not through violent revolution but through the spiritual transformation of individual people.

As important as Jesus’ program of nonviolence and personal transformation are for us, however, one other aspect of his response to Roman occupation and oppression is particularly significant today. Jesus never kept silent in the face of injustice, exploitation, or oppression. Rather he spoke out powerfully for the human rights and dignity of every single person. Through words and prophetic acts he condemned the Jerusalem temple for the way it collaborated with Rome, exploited people for its own power and prestige, and substituted sacrificial worship for the lives of justice and peace that God really wants from us. He spoke out against every evil he encountered be it priestly abuse of power or economic exploitation of the poor. Both the religious and the secular authorities of his time and place tried to silence him. He would not be silenced. That’s why they killed him.

Our call today is what it always is, to be like Jesus. The phrase “speak truth to power” isn’t biblical in its origins, but it expresses beautifully what Jesus did and what he calls us to do. The one thing we must not do is remain silent. Most German pastors in the 1930s remained silent or even signed the Hitler oath. Something like forty million deaths, half of them Soviet, ensued. I don’t expect Donald Trump to set up death camps or invade France and Russia, but he is an enormous threat nonetheless. Given time he would destroy American democracy and establish a kind of authoritarian American fascist regime.

In the face of such a threat we can’t remain silent. Yes, as I write he has only a few more days in office, but the threat he presents will not disappear when he leaves the White House. His millions of angry, deluded, violent followers will continue to raise hell after he’s out of office. The racist, white supremacist, violent, and anti-intellectual strains of American culture they represent aren’t going to disappear any time soon. Most especially they won’t disappear if we who know better remain silent. Jesus didn’t remain silent. Neither must we.

Speaking out cost Jesus his life. It is unlikely to cost us our lives, although we cannot rule out the possibility that some of Trump’s American fascists might use violence against us. Speaking out can however have other undesirable consequences. Those of us ordained folk who serve churches could lose our jobs, especially in the more conservative parts of the country. Even if we don’t lose our jobs our churches could lose members and financial offerings. God’s truth is rarely universally popular even among people who call themselves Christians. Tens of millions of people voted for Trump in the recent presidential election even though how bad and dangerous a president he has been was on full display by that time. Tragically, many of them call themselves Christians. Many of them won’t take kindly to us speaking God’s truth against him.

Yet whatever the consequences may be we must not remain silent. The stakes are too high. The threat Trump and his followers present is too great. The Christian’s call is always to speak God’s truth to power regardless of the circumstances. Today in particular God calls us to that prophetic task. Yes, we are also pastors, and our call is to speak the truth in love. Ephesians 4:15. We must not hate those who disagree with us, for God loves them as much as God loves us. Neither must we let them silence us. Jesus didn’t stay silent. Neither must we. The call is clear. Let’s get on with answering it.

Sunday, January 3, 2021

Sing to God a New Song

 

Sing to God a New Song

January 3, 2021

 

Psalm 96 begins, “Sing to the Lord a new song….”[1] NRSV. When I read that line recently I thought, why a new song? Why not stick with the old songs we know and love? I mean, in my experience church people get upset when a worship service includes a hymn they don’t know. I can’t tell you how many times someone told me after a service I had put together and led, “We don’t know that song.” They rarely if ever meant that line as a compliment or an expression of thanks for introducing the congregation to something new. It’s nearly always a complaint. In one small church I served the people even took away my right to choose the hymns for my own worship services, something that played not a small part in my decision to leave that church. In that congregation not even people with some musical ability wanted to sing anything they didn’t already know. So why not go along with them, find out which hymns most of them know, and only use those ones? Well, there actually are several very good reasons not to do that. I’ll start with the less important ones and move to the more important ones.

First, like I tried to tell the people of that little congregation that wouldn’t let me choose the hymns, the hymns that are old standards to you weren’t always old and weren’t always standard. At some point some congregations sang them when they were new and people didn’t know them. If no congregation ever sang them when they were new you’d never have heard and sung them yourselves. While that truth may seem obvious to many of us, that little congregation didn’t find it at all persuasive.

Then there’s the problem that worship, while familiar, can get pretty stale when it consists only of the same old pieces over and over again. Yes, familiarity is comfortable and repetition reinforces learning; but those truths shouldn’t dictate that nothing new is ever used in worship. At some point people like me will groan, “Not that one again! Didn’t we just sing that one a few weeks ago?” New material, if it’s good musically and theologically, helps keep things fresh. It wakes people up and maybe even gets them to think some about what they’re singing. Horrors! A congregation that thinks new thoughts! Heaven forbid! That at least is how far too many church people think of it.

Then there’s the really big reason to sing a new song to God. Music, like every other artistic creation, speaks from and to the particular cultural context in which it is created. Great artistic creations transcend their specific cultural contexts, but cultural contexts aren’t static. They constantly evolve. Music that sounded good to people in one cultural context may not sound good at all to people in a different context. How many people today really enjoy Gregorian chants? I might appreciate them at some level, but they’re hardly the music I choose to listen to for pleasure or for edification. To my contemporary ears they are quite frankly pretty boring. The world has moved beyond Gregorian chants.

When it comes to hymns, the issue of musical style is important; but there is another issue that is even more important. It is the issue of the lyrics of the hymns. Most of the hymns most people sing in the mainline Protestant churches today were written in the nineteenth century or even earlier. The lyrics use conventions of the time when they were written. Many of us today find those conventions offensive and unacceptable. Perhaps the aspect of the lyrics of the old hymns that troubles me and a great many other people today most is their use of exclusively male language for God and for people. In the hymns most Christians sing God is always “He.” These hymns call God Father but never Mother. They feature the God of classical theism, a great father-figure in the sky who is most definitely male not female. They also use words like son and brother for people and call all human beings collectively “man.” Some people, even some women, defend this exclusive use of words like these  by saying that they’re not offended by them and that they understand them to include everyone. Yet God is not male, and as the great Elizabeth Johnson has taught us, female images for God like Mother work as well and as badly to mean God as do male images like Father. When in worship I hear the word “brother” used to refer to people generally I look at the people of the congregation and think there are all sorts of people here who aren’t anyone’s brother and never will be because they are girls and women not boys and men. Using exclusively male language for God and for people just doesn’t work for a great many of us today.

Another objection many of us have to the traditional language of our hymns is its use of images of male power and domination. The good people who wrote that language into their hymns had no problem with calling Jesus Lord and King. Many people today, however, object to that usage on two grounds. One is that those terms are exclusively male. The other is that they smack of dominance and control rather than of covenant and love. I have continued to use Lord for Jesus because it really has no other connotation in our context today, and it points to Jesus as the one we are to obey and to follow; but I understand and respect this objection to the term.

Then there’s the problem of our hymns’ use of obsolescent familiar pronouns. They are full of the words “Thee,” “Thy,” “Thou,” and “Thine.” We don’t use those words any more except when we’re talking about God. They sound stilted and unfamiliar. Worse, few people today understand what they actually are. To most people they sound formal, respectful, even sacred because we apply them only to God. When they were in common use however those words were nothing of the sort. They were the familiar form of second person singular pronouns. “You” and “yours” were formal, “thou” and “thine” were informal. They were used with family and close friends. “Thou” is the English equivalent of the German “du,” the French “tu,” and the Russian “ty.” Christians applied these words to God because they saw God as their heavenly Father, and one used familiar pronouns with one’s father. I don’t mean to suggest that we shouldn’t have a relationship with God that is familiar, but these words have fallen out of use in English. We don’t need them making our hymns sound obsolete.

More over, some of our standard hymns have lyrics that express what many of us today consider to be bad theology. Many of them are more about pie in the sky by and by when we die than they are about how God wants us to live our lives on earth. Many of them express the classical theory of atonement, the hoary notion that Jesus is our Savior because he suffered and died to pay a price that God demanded be paid before God could or would forgive human sin. Many of us today reject that theology in favor of one that sees Jesus as God’s revelation of God’s unshakable solidarity with us humans in whatever comes our way in life and of God’s dream of what life on earth can and should be.

For all of these reasons and perhaps for many more Psalm 96’s call to us to sing to God a new song speaks powerfully from the distant past to our contemporary world. We need new songs to sing to and about God. Many such songs are being written, but except for the simplistic, repetitive praise songs of popular evangelical Christianity (songs I once heard an expert on church music call “not weight-bearing music”) few Christians know them. Yet composers like, among others, Thomas Troeger and Brian Wren have written and published contemporary Christian hymns that reflect the changed world in which we live. They give us new ways of speaking about God. To illustrate the point I will discuss what I consider to be the greatest of those more or less contemporary hymns, Brian Wren’s “Bring Many Names.”[2]

“Bring Many Names” is, I admit, already thirty-two years old. It dates from 1989. Yet that makes it much younger than most of the hymns in most denominational hymnals. It reflected a changing ecclesial world in 1989, and it still speaks powerfully to that world today. The lyrics are set to a tune by Carlton Young called Westchase that Young wrote specifically for Wren’s words. In that hymn Wren plays with how various aspects of human living can give us new insights into the nature of God.

The hymn has six stanzas. The first introduces the idea of our using many different names and images for God. It begins, “Bring many names, beautiful and good….” The lyrics then do bring many names. They are:

 

Strong mother God

Warm father God

Old aching God

Young growing God

Great living God

 

You can see that Wren had done some very interesting things here. He names God mother. In that verse he describes mother God as strong and as God at work in creation. The verse ends by calling mother God “genius at play.” Then Wren gives us father God, but this father God is hardly the heavenly Father of classical Christianity. He is “warm father God.” He hugs every child and forgives us until we’re reconciled. Wren has flipped cultural stereotypes of mothers and fathers and in doing so opens our minds to rich new ways of thinking about God.

Next wren uses stages of human life to gives us more powerful new images of God. Verse 4 begins, “Old aching God, grey with endless care.” In Wren’s lyric this God calmly pierces evil’s new disguises and is wiser than despair. Verse 5 begins “Young, growing God, eager, on the move.” This God, among other things, cries out for justice and gives all God has to give in that cause. The final verse, verse 6, contains what I consider to be the best theology of any verse in any hymn I’ve ever known: “Great living God, never fully known, joyful darkness far beyond our seeing, closer yet than breathing, everlasting home.” I can’t imagine a better, more concise summation of what I believe about God. We see that in addition to being a fine poet Wren is a very fine theologian. Verse 6 of “Bring Many Names” expresses the mystery of God better than any other few words I’ve ever heard anywhere.

Wren published “Bring Many Names” in 1989. It really could hardly have been written much before that time. It reflects and speaks of and to a Christianity in transition. It calls God mother. It calls God old. Some people find those images offensive. When I first discovered “Bring Many Names” in The New Century Hymnal of the United Church of Christ, which came out in 1995, I said to my denomination’s regional executive at the time that that hymn alone was good enough reason for churches to buy the new hymnal. She replied “Yes, but for some people that hymn alone is good enough reason not to.”

Change is hard. We humans resist it, yet as the old adage says the only thing that is constant is change. Our ancient Christian faith is still with us today because it has been able to adapt itself to a great many cultural shifts and transformed contexts for the past two thousand years. It is doing it again today. Yes, most Christians still live in the cultural and religious past. As John Dominic Crossan once wrote, not all people who live at the same time are contemporaries. Yet it is clearly time for a new song for us to sing to God. There are lots of new songs out there that are well worth singing. Go find them. Get your church to sing them. Perhaps get your pastor to preach on them if, that is, your pastor will evaluate them positively.  In these days of a shift in our cultural tectonic plates we must indeed sing a new song to God. May it be so.



[1] For purposes of this post I’ll take “the Lord” here simply to mean God. That’s an oversimplification, but it will work well enough for my purposes here.

[2] I won’t quote all of the lyrics of this hymn here because of copyright concerns. You can easily find them online.